Hypothyroidism
Sure! Here's a clear and concise note on **Hypothyroidism**:
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### **Hypothyroidism - Notes**
**Definition:**
Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces **insufficient thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)**, leading to a **slowing down of body metabolism**.
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### **Causes:**
1. **Hashimoto’s thyroiditis** (most common cause – autoimmune)
2. **Iodine deficiency**
3. **Thyroid surgery** or **radioactive iodine therapy**
4. **Congenital hypothyroidism**
5. **Medications** (e.g., lithium, amiodarone)
6. **Pituitary or hypothalamic disorders** (secondary or tertiary hypothyroidism)
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### **Symptoms:**
- Fatigue, weakness
- Weight gain
- Cold intolerance
- Dry skin
- Constipation
- Depression
- Slow heart rate
- Puffy face
- Hoarseness
- Memory problems, difficulty concentrating
- Hair thinning or hair loss
- Menstrual irregularities or infertility
- Enlarged thyroid (goiter)
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### **Diagnosis:**
- **Blood tests:**
- ↑ TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)
- ↓ T3 and T4 levels (especially Free T4)
- **Anti-thyroid antibodies** (e.g., anti-TPO) – for autoimmune thyroiditis
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### **Treatment:**
- **Levothyroxine** (synthetic thyroid hormone – lifelong treatment)
- Regular monitoring of **TSH levels**
- Dose adjustments based on age, weight, and other conditions (e.g., pregnancy)
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### **Complications (if untreated):**
- **Myxedema** (severe hypothyroidism – life-threatening)
- Goiter
- Heart problems (bradycardia, heart failure)
- Infertility
- Depression
- Developmental issues in infants/children (if congenital)
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Let me know if you want a comparison chart between **hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism** or a presentation format!
