🧠 Hyperkalemia — The High-Potassium Alert 🚨
Sure! Here's a **stylish and concise medical note** on **Hyperkalemia**, ideal for study or presentation use. If you want it in a specific format (e.g., card, infographic, HTML/CSS), let me know!
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### 🧠 **Hyperkalemia — The High-Potassium Alert 🚨**
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#### 🔍 **Definition**
**Hyperkalemia** is a condition characterized by **serum potassium > 5.0 mmol/L**.
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#### ⚠️ **Causes** *(Think: MACHINE)*
- **M**edications (ACEi, ARBs, K⁺-sparing diuretics, NSAIDs)
- **A**cidosis (metabolic)
- **C**ellular destruction (rhabdomyolysis, hemolysis, burns)
- **H**ypoaldosteronism
- **I**ntake (excessive potassium, esp. in CKD)
- **N**ephrons failure (AKI/CKD)
- **E**xcretion impaired
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#### 💣 **ECG Changes** (as K⁺ rises 📈):
- **5.5–6.5 mmol/L**: Peaked T waves
- **6.5–7.5 mmol/L**: PR prolongation, QRS widening
- **>7.5 mmol/L**: P wave flattening, sine-wave pattern → **risk of asystole**
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#### 🩺 **Symptoms**
- Muscle weakness
- Fatigue
- Paresthesia
- Palpitations or arrhythmias
- Can be **asymptomatic** until sudden cardiac death ⚡
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#### 🛠️ **Management**
**Stabilize the heart:**
- 🛡️ **IV Calcium Gluconate**
**Shift K⁺ into cells:**
- 🩹 **Insulin + Dextrose**
- 💨 **Beta-agonists (Albuterol)**
- 🫁 **Sodium Bicarbonate** (if acidotic)
**Eliminate K⁺:**
- 💧 **Loop diuretics**
- 🚽 **Kayexalate or Patiromer**
- 🧪 **Dialysis** (for severe or refractory cases)
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#### 📌 **Quick Mnemonic**:
**C BIG K Drop**
- **C**alcium
- **B**icarbonate
- **I**nsulin
- **G**lucose
- **K**ayexalate
- **Drop** (Diuretics/Dialysis)
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