Hydrocele
Sure! Here's a concise note on **Hydrocele**:
---
### **Hydrocele – Short Note**
**Definition:**
A hydrocele is the accumulation of fluid within the **tunica vaginalis** of the scrotum, leading to scrotal swelling.
---
**Types:**
1. **Congenital Hydrocele**
- Due to a patent processus vaginalis.
- Communicates with the peritoneal cavity.
- Common in infants.
2. **Acquired Hydrocele**
- Usually non-communicating.
- Can be **primary (idiopathic)** or **secondary** to infections, trauma, tumors, or surgeries.
---
**Clinical Features:**
- Painless, smooth, soft scrotal swelling.
- Transillumination test is **positive** (light passes through the fluid).
- Fluctuation present.
- No reducibility or impulse on coughing.
---
**Diagnosis:**
- **Clinical examination**
- **Ultrasound**: To differentiate from other scrotal swellings (hernia, tumor, varicocele).
- **Transillumination**: Helpful bedside test.
---
**Treatment:**
- **Observation**: In infants, most congenital hydroceles resolve by 1 year of age.
- **Surgical**:
- **Hydrocelectomy** – excision or eversion of the sac (Lord’s or Jaboulay’s procedure).
- **Aspiration + sclerotherapy** – for those unfit for surgery (temporary solution).
---
**Complications:**
- Infection
- Hematocele (blood in the sac)
- Rupture
- Infertility (rare, usually in chronic large cases)
---
Let me know if you want this in a specific format like PDF, or if you want a diagram included too!
